Riset: Membongkar Otak Pesepak Bola Saat Mengeksekusi Penalti

Aditya Fahmi Nurwahid

Editor:

  • Tendangan penalti merupakan salah satu ''drama'' sepak bola, dilakukan di atas titik putih yang berjarak 11 meter dari gawang.
  • Dalam penalti, seorang eksekutor berhadapan satu lawan satu dengan kiper lawan.
  • Riset membuktikan bahwa terdapat banyak faktor di balik sukses atau gagalnya sebuah penalti.

SKOR.id - Mendapatkan penalti bisa jadi pisau bermata dua dalam sepak bola, bahkan menjadi salah satu momen yang menegangkan dalam laga.

Tendangan penalti memunculkan harapan dan keraguan bersatu di pundak eksekutor serta penjaga gawang.

Drama penalti pun muncul di gelaran Euro 2020. Selain adu penalti di partai final, penalti yang banyak disorot terjadi dalam laga Prancis vs Swiss.

Sosok Kylian Mbappe sebagai algojo penentu gagal menunaikan tugasnya setelah tendangannya ditepis oleh Kiper Swiss, Yann Sommer.

Beberapa riset sudah pernah membahas tendangan penalti, salah satunya tentang kondisi otak eksekutor saat menghadapinya.

Para ilmuwan di Belanda yang tergabung dalam Jurnal Frontiersin, University of Twente, meneliti faktor-faktor di balik sebuah tendangan dari titik putih.

Peneliti tersebut berusaha melihat lebih dalam tentang bagaimana kinerja otak saat dihadapkan dengan kondisi penalti.

Mereka mengambil 22 relawan untuk menendang penalti dan diukur dengan functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Teknologi ini berbentuk headset yang dapat mengukur aktivitas kerja otak.

Para relawan diarahkan untuk mengambil penalti dalam kondisi berbeda yakni: gawang terbuka, melawan penjaga gawang yang tidak terlalu serius, dan dalam tekanan tinggi di mana penjaga gawang berusaha menghalangi tendangan, juga eksekusi yang disertai taruhan hadiah.

Hasil yang berbeda di setiap kondisinya didapatkan oleh para peneliti dari relawan tendangan penalti.

"Kami mendapati para pemain yang dapat mengatasi tekanan mengaktifkan area otak sesuai dengan keadaannya," kata Dr. Nattapong dalam jurnalnya, Frontiers.

“Contohnya, peningkatan aktivasi korteks motorik terhubung dengan perilaku di bawah tekanan. Ini logis, karena gerakan adalah salah satu elemen penting saat mengambil penalti."

Dalam kasus pemain yang ragu hingga gagal dalam penalti, didapati area otak lain (pre-frontal cortex) lebih aktif.

Area ini menimbulkan proses berpikir panjang, melahirkan sugesti pemain akan resiko dari tendangan yang akan diambil.

Para peneliti yakin dikemudian hari teknologi fNIRS dapat membantu pemain menentukan sikap dalam tendangan penalti. Pemain juga bisa melatih otaknya untuk bertindak di bawah tekanan. (Adhitya Mahatravatama)

Ikuti juga InstagramFacebook, dan Twitter dari Skor Indonesia.

 Berita lainnya:

Jadon Sancho Sampaikan Permohonan Maaf Terbuka Usai Gagal Penalti di Final Euro 2020

Gagal Penalti di Final Euro 2020, Marcus Rashford Diyakini Segera Bangkit

Source: Frontiersin

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